[QS 강의 정리]#1 QS의 핵심업무
본자료는 엔지니어링 협회의 QS강의를 요약한 자료입니다.
■ 발주자의 사업관리 주체로써의 QS
> QS의 Cost Management 대상 = QS의 존재이유 = Budget Keeper
※Residual Appaisal Method : (일종의 투자의사 결정방법)
> Gross Development Value(GNV) : 예상수입구조 vs Development Cost :지출구조
■ 건설 단계별 QS업무 소개
> RFP(Request for Proposal)을 통해 QS 용역제안서 요청
1. Planning & Design Development
- Estimating and Cost Planning : High Level 사업비 추정
- Preparing preliminary construction cost estimate based on conceptual drawings (Preliminary Indicator of cost) : 계획설계자료를 바탕으로 초기 공사비 추정
- Preparing detail cost estimate based on approximate quantities to ac as a monitoring figure to assist the Employer in controlling the overall investment. : 발주자 보조위해 대략적인 물량을 기초로 세부 공사비 산출 준비
- Up-dating the cost estimate progressively as the design developments and reconciling with the original budget. Proposing amendments / changes that could help in keeping original budget : 설계단계가 이러어져 나가는 상황에 맞추어 추정공사비를 최신의 수치로 갱신해가며 예산에 맞도록 설계수정 혹은 변경을 제안함
- Preparing cost studies of alternative design solutions, structural form, materials, etc. Providing general cost advice required by the design team to assist them to plan within the budget including advising on modifications in design to maintain budgetary limits.
- Preparing estimate cash flow of construction expenditure based on the cost estimate and development programme for project feasibility review.
- Phasing the construction works in accordance with the Employer's requirement on progress, and assisting the Architect and the other design consultants to arrange issuance of drawings and specifications in such manner
- Attending meeting with Project Manager, Goverment Departments, M&E Consultants, Architect and any other parties, and providing relevant advises. : 공사비 관련 조언
요약 : 발주자 예산수립/예산내에서 설계진행될 수 있도록 설계사와 업무조율/설계도서를 바탕으로 한 적정공사비 산정 / 설계단계의 Cost Control(사업비 관리)
2. Tendor Documentation, Procurement Advice & Contract Documentation : Cost Management의 개념을 광의적으로 적용하여 입찰 및 계약범위까지 이어짐.
- Advising on tendering procedures and arrangement of contract packages.
- Advising on selection of contractors for tendering and drafting of contract conditions.
- Preparing tender documents for the main contract including preparing bills of quantities for builder's work.
- Preparing tender documents for nominated supply and sub-contracts including compiling tender documents with schedule of items for the mechanical and electrical installation and specialist engineering services to tie in with the main contract conditions based on technical specifications to be supplied by the building service consultant. The quantities in the tender documents for the mechanical and electrical installations and specialist engineering services will be provided by the Tenderers.
※ 하도급(Tie back or back to back): DSC-domestic sub-con or NSC-Nominated sub-con--> 발주자 추천 지명하도
- Preparing pre-tender estimate.
- Examining, anlyzing and reporting on all tenders received including detailed contractual and arithmetical checks.
- Assisting the Employer in negotiating and agreeing with the Main Contractor a lump sum price for the works
- Preparing Letter of Award.
- Preparing formal contract documents for all contracts.
- For major contracts, liaising with the Clients and client organisation to obtain approval on tenders
요약: 입찰도서 작성 / 입찰내역서 작성 / 예정입찰가격 산정 / 조달전략 수립
3. Construction & up to Completion
- Attending Client's and Consultants' meetings
- Valuing the work in progress on site and recommending amounts of interim payments on account to the contractors.
- Preparing monthly budgetary statements of estimated final cost throughout the contract period. Reporting any major change in cost in advance to the Employer.
- Preparing cash flow table and comparing each month the actual and the forecast cash flow.
- Commenting on insurance policies and surety bonds submitted by the contractors to ensure compliance with contract requirements.
- Assisting the Employer on contract administration. Advising on provisions in the contract and contract related problems
- Continuous collaboration with all members of the design team to monitor costs closely throughout the construction period
- Advising the design team on the appropriate cost effect of variations under consideration when requested
- Measuring and valuing variations to the contract and pricing and agreeing the amounts of extras and credits with the contractors
- Carrying out any other construction cost control related estimating or consultancy works
- Examining, negotiating and evaluating contractors claims
- Preparing and presenting the Final Account which is a detailed statement of the final cost of the contract.
요약 : 시공사의 기성요청금액 평가 / 시공사로부터 제기된 클레임 평가 / 설계변경요청 금액 평가 및 관리 / 최종정산 명세서 작성
■ QS의 진화
>QS업무는 17세기 중반 런던대화재를 계기로 출현
>18세기 중반까지는 수량산출이 본업
>발주자 시공자의 물량검측사로서 원가관리 개념은 없었으나
>General vontractor방식과 경쟁입찰 방식이 영국에 도입되면서
>QS로 발전함
>20세기 들어와서 축적된 공사비 원가자료의 분석을 토대로 사업비 산출
>수동적인 견적서비스에서 적극적인 원가계획 및 관리 서비스를 제공
> 원가관리 측면에서 가치 측면의 서비스 전환'
> Value Management, Life Cycle Costing 기법, Cost Planning등 발주자의 비용(Value for Money)과 관련된 진보적인 개념의 상업서비스로 진화
> 입찰 계약, 클레임, 세금관련 컨설팅의 업무에도 참여하게 되었으며, 현재의 세련된 현태의 전문직종으로 변함
■ RICS(Royal Institue of Charterd Surveyors) 영국왕립서베이어협회: QS 관리